Alternating-current synchronous dynamo-electric machine.



J. SACHS.

ALTEBNATING CURRENT SYNGHRONOUS DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED x0127, 1911.

1,125,728. Patented Jan. 19, 1915.

WITNESSES 970. 322i)! Sachs. y M BY M ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFTGE,

JOSEPH SACHS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO THE HART & HEGEMAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTI- oo'r, A CORPORATION or CONNECTICUT.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT SYNCHRONOUS DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 19,1915.

Application filed November 27, 1911. Serial No. 662,586.

To all whom z't-may concern: 7

Be it known that I, JOSEPH SACHS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hartford, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternating-Current Synchronous Dynam o-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification,

Dynamo electric machines, in which my invention may be embodied are of what are known as the synchronous'type, that is, the movement of the armature in'rclation to the field poles is in synchronism with the movement or change or alternations of the current supplied to the machine and, in the particular form shown in this application the invention is embodied in a synchronous dynamo electric machine in whichthe field magnet structure forms the stator or stationary element of the machine while the armature forms the rotor or moving element of the machine.

My invention is particularly applicable to such machines when used as motors, or as converters for converting alternating cur rent to direct current through the medium of a rotating armature receiving the alternating current through suitable collector rings and giving off direct current from a commutator also connected to the armature windings.

In the operation of synchronous alternating current motors or converters, it is necessary to in some manner impart to the rotating element or armature such motion, that the relationship, established between the alternating poles produced in the armature by the alternating current supplied thereto and the fixed poles of the field magnet structure, is such as to eil'cct the proper cooperative action and produce the necessary torque effect between the two members of the machine. This has been accomplished heretofore in various ways. In the case of alternating current synchronous motors the armature or rotating element of the machine has been brought up to synchronous speed by means of power from an additional motor or other source after the attainment of which synchronous speed the armature of the synchronous motor would be connected to the supply line and continue to operate in synchronism with the current alternations supplied to it. Another method has been to provide the machine with additional Windings by means of which the machine may be started and brought up to synchronous speed after which the main windings would be connected to the supply line. Y v

In the case of the so called A. (1-D. C. synchronous rotary converters common methods have been eitherlto bring the armature of the machine up to synchronous speed by means of power applied from an ex ternal source or, where it .is possible, the machine is started and brought up'to synchronous speedby adirect currentsupplied to the commutator end of the armature and,

after the attainment of which synchronous alternating current supplied to .it, which alternating current would be converted to a direct current at the commutator.-

By my invention I provide means whereby it is possible to start and bring into synchronous operation such synchronous motors or synchronous alternating -.direct -.current converters without using a starting motor or mechanical power from an external source, Without supplying any direct current from an external source to the field or armature windings of the machine, and without any special or separate windings, or changes in the windings, of the machine, for starting purposes.

The figure of the drawing illustrates diagrammatically an embodiment of my invention. Y

The machines embodying my invention may be called self starting synchronous alternating current motors or converters. \Vhether used as an alternating current synchronous motor for the purpose of delivering mechanical power from its rotary shaft, or as a sychronous A. (1-D. C. rotary converter, the general arrangement of the mav machine is of the bi-polar type and "receives current from a single phase "circuit, two main or running collector rings '-D'D are provided connected at diametrically opposite points on the armature winding as indicated at 1-2. Thus 'iar, so far 'as concerns the armature, the arrangement is similar to that used with any synchronous A. (1-D. "Cfco'nverter armature. In addition, however, to the two running collector rings D-D ordinarily provided on the alternating current side ofthe's'ingle :phaseA. (1-D. (luconvertei armature, the armature of the machine embodying my invention is provided with a third or starting collector ring E connected at some point, preferably midway between the points on the armature winding -to which the two other collector rings are connected indicated at 3.

Suitable brushes are [provided for the commutator and collector rings, 1010-denoting the commutator brushes across which the circuit containing the field magnet 'eX- citing Winding a is connected in shunt, '20'20 denoting the brushes contacting with the running collector rings D'D to which the alternating current line is connected through a suitable switch F 30 denoting the brush contacting with the starting collector fling -'E and which is connected to an additi'onal point .7 in *the switch. The construction of the switch is not material so long as it provides means whereby the cirouit from the single phase alternating current line may be completed through the two running brushes and their connected armature and field finding circuits, and simultaneously therewith frdni one side or the other of the supply circuit a connection may be completed through the third or starting Collector ring which additional connection, liflll16ly,Of the supply'circuit with thesitarting collector ring, may be 'discontinuedafter the machine has attained the proper running condition.

In the ci'rc ''t containing the field magnet windings and in series therewith an inductance G of suitable size and character may be included. This inductance facilitates or insures the starting of the armature or rotor of the machine irrespective of its static position in relation to the field magnet poles. After the machine has attained its synchronous running condition this inductance may be cut out of the field circuit or it may remain in the circuit and, if desired, it may be ofsuc'h character as to utilize the inanifestations produced by passing through it the direct current of the field magnet windin'g circuit taken from the commutator of the armature when the machine is running synchronously. Under this starting condition the alternating current passes through the armature and by reason or the commu tutor brushes, through the field Winding circuit. The A. C. also passes to the armature "the stares-g brush and collector i ing-barracuda thesrmanire as described. This the 'po'ltii' 235s of the armature as it exists before this condition is brought 7 aboutto'be shift'edoi distorted. By reason of the A. C. thus directly supplied to the sweaters and field magnet winding circuit through these connections, and the inductive effect of the armature upon the field windings, magnetic polar relations of'such a nat'uie areestablishedin the armature and the field structure that-the afma'tureis started into hiovenfent and, as it may be called, pulledinto synchronous speed with the 3.17 ternationsof theollternating current in the supplycircuit: Fiornthe 'instant that this synchronous 's'peed is attai-ned the current, converted by the-commutator to a direct current,- conti'nues to=flow through tlie field windingcircuit as a current and the machine will fthen continue to operate synchronously With'the A. C. alternations, at which timethe third or starting connection isiofr may he opened. I V

Wl'lentlie-machme isused as a motor only, the commutator and its; brushes need only lie-large enough {to supply the current necessary forth'e field'excitation, Where the machine iS used as a rotary C.-D. C. 'conyerter the commutator and brushes are made up sufficiently large to take care of the current output-at the direct current end of the n'uacliine and-a suitable circuit containing anydesired'translating devices may 1 beconnected 'to these commutator brushes.

1*; will be cn'derstood that a machine embodying my invention may be iiiulti pola'r as well as bipolar, suitable brushes and 'winding connections being pro'i'ided.

I claim as my invention:

1'. The herein described method of startingalternating current synchronous dynamo electric machines which consists in supplying'additional alternating current to the armature windings between the points at which the A. C. utilized for the regular operation of the machine is connected and at the sametinie supp dng alternating current to tlrefielld. i

The herein described method of starting alternating current synchronous dynamo electric machines whichconsists in supply in-g alternating current to the windings of an armature in such manner as to produce a shifting or displacement of the magnetic poles, and at the same time supplying alterna-ting current through the commutator and brushes to the field winding.

3. The'herein described method of startalternating current synchronous dynamo electric machines which consists in supplying alternating current to the armature windings through suitably spaced running connections, to the field windings, and also to the-armature windings atan additional point located' between the running connection's, thus bringing the rotor of the machine into synchronous operation with the supplied alternating current, 1 and subsequently cutting: ioflrthe: su'pply aoi alternatingcurrent atthe additional point: 1-

' 2 he'heriri described method oi the ditional ipointlof connection. i i

,i Iri'ima'chin'szoiizthe-character described an armature andxits :windings,la direct current comniutaton connected therewith, and its biiushegia' fieldimagnetrwinding connected to' said- ;brushes, running collector rings connected to-the armature winding at suitably spaced;z'pointsrand'adapted to receive alternating current, a starting collector ring connected to; said armature winding and adaptediorreceive alternating current, and

" means for, controlling the supply of current to, therunning rand ,starting rings independently,;- r a 7. In machines 'of' the character described, ana'rmature and-itswindings, a direct current commutator connected therewith, and its brushes, a ficldmagnet winding connected to said brushes, ail-external inductance connected 1 into the circuitcontaining the windings of said field magnet, running collector rings connected to the armature windi ng at suitably spacedpoints and adapted to receive alternating current, a starting collector ring connectedto said armature winding at a point between the points of connection of said running collector rings therewith, and means 'for controlling the current to the running and starting rings independently.

8. In machines of the character described, a stationary field magnet, and -windings therefor, a rotating armature, closed coil windings thereon, a pair of running collector rings connected to the armature Windings at suitably spaced points, brushes therefor adapted to receive alternating current and deliver it to the armature windings, a starting collector ring connected to the armature windings at a pointlbetween the connections therewith of the-runningicollector rings, a brush for the starting collector ring, a commutator connected tothezfilrniaturc windings,- brushes :therefor, said-,field magnet windings being connected.- tonsaid brushes, a source of supply of alternating current,-.-acontroller to closethe: connection from. said :suppl y to the. c-running .;collectorrings and for making andbrealcing.-the;.-con;- nectioir-to the star-ting collector-ringflvbile the connection with the running collector rings remains closed; 7 a 1. urns-1;; flhe herein described method; of-starti in gv alterna ting current synchronous dxnamo electric illifiCllillGS .vghiclnconsists inzsupplyi ing additional alternating current to them: mature {windings betweeniytheLpointsgat which theinC. utilized for the-regular 0p.- eration-of the unachine is wnnectcd ndiat thesame time sup plying alternating current toa field circuit co tainingithjeifieldmagnt exciting \\'indingsand an inductance; i .lli-j l0. 'l he herein described method ofistaitt'. ing alternating. current synchronous dynamo electric machines which consists in supply-- i'ng alternating current to the; lot anarmature in such manner asto-produoea shifting or displacement of the -magnctic poles, and at the same-time supplyingialterv mating current through the commutatorand brushes toia field circuit containingithe field inagnetexciting windings antigen-induce tance. Y v n?) i; .'j' if.

11. The herein described method-inf starting alternating current; synchronous dynamo electric machines whichcons'istsltin supplying alternatin current to the:arma ture windings through suitably spaced'rum ning connections, to a field circuit containing the lield magnet exciting windings .and an inductance, and also to the armature windings at an additional point located between the running connections,thusbring: ing the rotor of the machine into synchronous operation with the suppliedalternat- 111g current and subsequently cutting oifthe supply of. alternating currentat the additional point.

12. The herein describedmethod-of op-. crating machines of the characteridescribed which consists in passing an alternating current to the windings of an armature at suitably spaced points andthrough -a com- *mutator and its brushes into a field circuit containing the field magnet exciting windings and an inductance and simultaneously passing alternating current into said armature windings at an additional point.

13. The herein described method of operating machines of the character described which consists in passing an alternating current to the windings of an armature at suitably spaced points and through a commutator and its brushes into afield circuit containing the field magnet exciting windings and anindu'ctance; and simultaneously pass ingralternating current into" said armature windings at an additional point, and subsequently cutting of? the supply of alternating current to the additional pointof connection;-

14: In machines of the character de= sca ibedg a' stationaryfield magnet, windings thenefor; an external inductance, a) rotating aimntu mtclosed cofl windings thereon, a'pair e f-running collector ringsconnected to the armature windings at suitably spaxzed points, Wishes therefor adapted to receive alternntinglcur'rent and deliver it to the armaturewindings a starting collector ring con-- nected to the armature windings at a point between. the connection therewith of the wanin collector rings, a brush for the starting-collector ring, aconnnutator' con= netted tothe armature winding, brushes therefor; seidi field: magnet; windings and the externalinductance being connected to said -brnshes-, ars'ource ofsupply of alternatingrcurrenua controller'td close the conneetion from said supply to th'e' running collector ni ng's' and for makingand; breakingfl'the connection: to= the starting collector ringfiwhi le the connection" with the running collecmr rings remains closed;

15:: Inlet synchronousd yna mo electric-macll-i ne a-ntgalrma ture provided with a' closed coili winding, means tor supplying running A. C. to the armature windings at suitably spaced points,--n1eansfor supplying addition'til starting A. C; t'osaid winding at a point between: the points towhich the rum ningiAa- G. is supplied,- me'ansfor supplying D2- C.'- from the windings of said armature and: a: field magnetand itswindings; said windings being connected so as to be su'pplied with A. 0. when:- the' machine is started and with: D. C. after the machine has reached its running condition.

16'. In: asynchronous dynamoe'lectric machine, a: stator and a rotor element, windings for eachv of said elements, means for supplying A. to both of said windings at substantially the same time, additional means associated with one of saidelements for'supp'l ying. it with starting'A.- O. to bring therotor into synchronous operationgand substantially the same time supplying an additional amount of: .A.'-- C. to the armatune windings and means whereby the circuit containing the field windings and inductance is supplied withdirect current fnonr thearmature atter the machine has attained its running condition 181- 1klI armature provided with suitable windings, running colle'ctorrings, a starting collector ring, and a commutator, afield magnet provided w'ith=WindingS, means-for supplying G. to the armature windings through the running: collector rings and an additional 2111101111) of A. C; through the starting: collector ring: and thereby supplying A.- C. to the field magnet windings, and means whereby the supply of A. C. to the armature winding through the starting collector ring may lie-discontinued after the runningc'ondition h'as 'beeni attained.

19. In a synchronousdynamo electric machine a-n armature provided with windings, running collector rings, a starting collector ring: and a commutator, means'for supplying: in G.- asthearmaiture windings through therunning? collector rings, means for supplying additional A; C. to the armature windings through the starting collector ringyai fi'el'd' magnet and its windings, an inductance, sa'i'd windings and inductance being connected in series across the commutator offlth'e armature and receiving A. C. under the started condition of the machine and means whereby the supply of additional -A. O. to the a-rmature windings at the startingicollector' ring may be discontinued the running condition has been attained.-

JOSEPH SACHS.

Witnesses:

M:- A.- Snocxnnow, H.- E. HART.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for fivecents each,. by addressing. the- Commission-er of Patents,

Washington, D:- 0:" 

